As of today, we are officially on EAP. Emergency Action Plan.
First stage, we stay in site and don’t go anywhere. When it gets worse, we progress to regional consolidations, departmental consolidations, then the whole country consolidates and we make way for Paraguay!
What exactly is happening that is putting us on EAP and giving us our very own chopper reservations? MAY 4th! May 4th, if you don’t follow Bolivian news, will be a turning point for this country. It is the date for the Autonomía referendum in which Bolivians will seek departmental autonomy (A department is loosely equivalent to a state in the U.S.).
A little background on the situation (I will try to be objective as possible. But remember, I do live in Kamba-land):
Bolivia is made up of nine departments. Each has its own municipal and departmental governments but these governments do not have control over their own money or their own resources. All money is sent to La Paz- the administrative capital of Bolivia, and from there it is distributed throughout the country. In other words, the money that the people of the department of Santa Cruz earns is not reinvested in their department but sent to help poorer areas, such as Oruro and Potosí. Santa Cruz is the richest department in all of Bolivia and is therefore the strongest advocator of Autonomía. They want control of their resources- (Santa Cruz is one of the largest suppliers of petroleum in South America)- they want control of the money they generate, and they want to be able to make decisions without checking in with La Paz every ten minutes.
Right now, supposedly seven of the nine departments of Bolivia support Autonomía. The two holding out are Potosí and Oruro. These are the areas where there was a lot of mining going on until the mines dried up. Now they are the poorest areas of Bolivia with the largest indigenous populations. The residents of these areas claim that without the money Bolivia had made through mining, Santa Cruz would not be what it is today. It could only have developed through the money earned by mining and invested into this city. What the people of Potosí and Oruro are saying is that they are afraid that now that they’ve run out of natural resources, Santa Cruz is going to leave them high and dry as well. It is only right that after all the money they sent to Santa Cruz, that Santa Cruz would now take care of them.
As far as governmental matters, President Evo Morales came into power in 2005. He was the first-ever indigenous president and won the election with overwhelming support of the people. He is the leader of the Cocaleros (an organization of coca producers- coca is the raw material to make cocaine.) He represents the indigenous majority of the country. Estimates are that 60-80 percent of Bolivia’s population is indigenous. Because of the US war on drugs, Evo and the US have never gotten along. He wants to legalize coca production while the US feels that coca production leads to increased cocaine production. The coca leaf has many medicinal properties and has been used traditionally here for ages. It is like Red Bull in a leaf. You would be hard pressed to enter into any farming community and not see huge wads of coca leaves stuffed into the workers cheeks.
Anyhow, the war on coca is a whole other story. Back to Evo. Evo’s political party is known as the Movimiento al Socialismo, or Movement towards Socialism (MAS). His supporters are known as Masistas. Evo and his Masistas are not supporters of Autonomía. They do not want the departments to be in control of anything. Evo’s major political allies are Hugo Chavez of Venezuela and the Castros of Cuba. To keep from getting too political I will not quote some of the things that he has said about the US gov, but they are not pretty.
Originally Evo had the support of the indigenous in the country. Then though his policies, his intentions of turning the nation socialist, and the claim that he has now started a war on the middle-class, among many other things, he has lost a lot of support in the country. He does not want Autonomía. He says that the vote to take place is unconstitutional. That Autonomía is illegal. That the military and police will not enforce the results since the vote is illegal to begin with. That many international organizations, such as the European Union, the United Nations, the Organizations of the American States, and so forth will reject the decision for Autonomía.
It’s hard to say what will happen. I live in Autonomía-ville. We have green and white hats, flags, t-shirts, stickers, graffiti, banners, rallies, and meetings, all saying vote “SÍ AUTONOMÍA.” There is a truck with speakers bigger than me circling the plaza blasting “Sí, sí, sí, yo soy autonomista. Sí, sí, sí, Autonomía sí.” They have remixed the jingle to reggaeton, to salsa, to meringue, to kumbia beats. The words invade my mind and I find myself whistling Autonomía songs as I walk down the street.
The autonomistas say that the vote is already in the bag. There is nothing the government can do. Evo says he will not step down as president. He must be removed from office dead. There will certainly be blockades in the roads, protests, and strikes. It will overall get craZy! Autonomistas claim that if the government won’t recognize their vote and their choice to be independent, they will split off and become their own nation. There is threat of civil war. The US Ambassador has already left the country- apparently he doesn’t like to stick around for the fireworks.
Peace Corps has got plans in place for us, and if need be we will evacuate to Paraguay. We are on the brink of a momentous occasion. We are about to write history. And I can’t believe I’m here to see it!!
The situation sounds pretty serious as told here, or anywhere else you may find news of Bolivia. But if you ask me, Tammy Truong- Peace Corps Volunteer in Santa Cruz Bolivia, with an ear to the ground and an eye on the news, I will promise you that I do not feel like I am in danger; I do not feel scared or worried. What I do think is that I will finish my two year service and I will be doing it in Bolivia, whether I like it or not.
If you have questions, comments, and/or concerns, please direct them to my Comments page. Or email.